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Objective: The objective of this study is to provide updated prevalence information on hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HFV) among patients in a high-volume emergency department (ED) located in a medium-...
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Objective: The objective of this study is to provide updated prevalence information on hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and human immunodeficiency virus (HFV) among patients in a high-volume emergency department (ED) located in a medium-sized, Midwestern city. Background: This study provides updated information regarding the prevalence of the blood-borne pathogens hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HIV among ED patients. Prior studies of this type have focused on large inner-city populations with high incidence rates of blood-borne diseases. These studies have limited applicability to other common ED settings. Methods: A convenience sample of 404 patients was selected using blood previously drawn independent of the study. Patient-identifying information was unlinked from study results, which allowed waiver of informed consent from the Institutional Review Board. This blood was then tested for hepatitis C, hepatitis B, and HFV. Results: Prevalence of hepatitis C antibody was 4.0%, relative to the overall US population prevalence of 1.8%. Hepatitis BsAg was present in 0.7% and HIV prevalence was 0.8%. There were no coinfections; therefore, there was a combined prevalence of blood-borne pathogens of 5.5%. Conclusions: The combined prevalence of blood-borne pathogens of 5.5% supports previous recommendations of universal precautions, particularly in settings where the overall prevalence may be underestimated.
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Background/aim: Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be cured by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). In this study, we aimed to find the rate of viremia among patients with a positive anti-HCV test and the rate of antivir...
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Background/aim: Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be cured by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). In this study, we aimed to find the rate of viremia among patients with a positive anti-HCV test and the rate of antiviral treatment given to viremic patients. We also aimed to reach patients with anti-HCV positivity but not tested for HCV-RNA, and patients, who were diagnosed with HCV-RNA positivity but received no treatment. Materials and methods: In this study, individuals tested for anti-HCV in Tokat Gaziosmanpa?a University Research and Application Hospital in the period between January 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Anti-HCV positive patients, who were not tested for HCV-RNA, and HCV-RNA positive patients, who did not receive treatment, were called for a follow-up visit in the outpatient clinic. Results: The prevalences of anti-HCV positivity and viremia among patients were 2.24% and 0.67%, respectively. A HCV-RNA test was ordered in 71.7% of the anti-HCV positive patients. Antiviral treatment was not given to 44.4% of the viremic patients. Of the patients, who were called for a follow-up visit in the outpatient clinic, 3.9% attended the visit. Of these patients, 0.8% were HCV-RNA positive and 0.7% received treatment. Conclusion: Although the rate of HCV-RNA testing was relatively high in patients with anti-HCV positivity, almost half of them did not receive treatment. We could reach only one-third of the patients, who were called for a follow-up visit, and only a few patients received treatment. Individuals with anti-HCV positivity should be referred to a specialist without delay and HCV-RNA testing should be performed immediately to achieve HCV elimination targets. The likelihood of difficulties in reaching patients later should be considered.
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Hepatitis B and C remain a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide with its attendant consequences. The burden of these viral infections in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria rely on estimates based on small population st...
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Hepatitis B and C remain a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide with its attendant consequences. The burden of these viral infections in sub-Saharan Africa including Nigeria rely on estimates based on small population studies in some select populations. We present the report of a population survey in Nigeria during the period 2010-2012. A total of 5,558 adults participated in the screening exercise. The minimum age recorded was 18 years, while the maximum age was 75 years. The mean +/- S.D. was 36.07 +/- 8.76 years. The prevalence of hepatitis B (HBsAg) among the adults screened was determined to be 6.7% while that of hepatitis C (HCV) was 0.9%. The peak prevalence for HBsAg carriage was in the third to fourth decade in keeping with childhood acquisition while of HCV antibody was in the sixth to seventh decade. Male gender was significantly associated with HBsAg carriage while we noted a higher prevalence in those within the lower socioeconomic status. Overall our findings suggest that hepatitis B is endemic in Nigeria, much less than previously reported, while the prevalence for HCV is low although reports of pockets of high prevalence exist in select populations (hospital patients including those living with HIV).
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Opinion leaders in each of four countries in the Central European region summarize the available data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV antibody reactivity in this region varies between 0....
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Opinion leaders in each of four countries in the Central European region summarize the available data on hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemiology. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV antibody reactivity in this region varies between 0.2% and 2.1%, the most prevalent HCV genotype is GT 1. The commonest route of transmission is intravenous drug abuse at present.
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Background and Aims: Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HVC) is one of the most common viral infections worldwide. Approximately 170 million individuals are infected worldwide. HCV is an important cause of morbidity and mortali...
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Background and Aims: Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HVC) is one of the most common viral infections worldwide. Approximately 170 million individuals are infected worldwide. HCV is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. In Mexico, according to the National Health Survey 2000, it is estimated that 70,000 cases exist. We undertook this study to estimate the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies in patients with association to the risk factors for HCV infection in the lowland ( bajio) region. Methods: There were 2803 individuals 15 years of age or older who were treated at the General Hospital Zone #4 who were included in this study. Following informed consent, the participants were given a questionnaire listing the major risk factors for hepatitis C. If they answered positive to any of these identified factors, a blood sample was taken to determine anti-HCV antibodies via ELISA analysis. Results: Average age in this study was 38.4 ± 13.5 years, and 75.5% were female ( n= 2116). Anti-HCV antibodies were isolated in 1.3% of the patients ( n= 36). The most commonly identified risk factor among all the participants was a history of previous transfusions (28.8 % of all patients, n= 813 and 41.7%, n= 15 of those with positive HCV antibodies). This was the only statistically significant risk factor identified in this study ( p= 0.066). Conclusions: Mexico is currently considered to have a lower prevalence for HCV in relation to developed countries and other endemic areas. The figures reported are lower than those observed in this study, suggesting that the strategies for detecting HCV in Mexico may be inadequate.
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Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C varies in different population worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of Hepatitis B and C in OPD patients. Material and Methods: This record based, des...
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Background: The prevalence of hepatitis B and C varies in different population worldwide. The objective of the study was to determine the frequency of Hepatitis B and C in OPD patients. Material and Methods: This record based, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in different hospitals of tehsil Rawalakot, district Poonch, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The data of previous 3 years was retrieved from these hospitals with the approval of hospital ethical committee from May 2014 to May 2017. Sample size was 6041 selected through convenient sampling technique. Demographic variables was gender whereas research variables were presence of HB and presence of HC. All the data being categorical were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 16. Results: The prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C was 1% and 2% respectively in Rawalakot Azad Kashmir. Hepatitis B was more common in male than female, while male female ratio was equal in hepatitis C. Conclusion: Data suggest a moderate prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir. Compared to other regions of Azad Kashmir and Pakistan, the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C is low in the population of Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir.
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ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is poorly mapped in the East African region; with the advent of novel HCV therapies, better epidemiological data are required to target the infection. We sought to estimate HCV prevalen...
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ObjectivesHepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence is poorly mapped in the East African region; with the advent of novel HCV therapies, better epidemiological data are required to target the infection. We sought to estimate HCV prevalence in healthy Malawian mothers and assess mother-to-child transmission (MTCT); context is provided by reviewing previously published HCV prevalence data from the region.
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Objectives This study aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) in the population through field-screening camps conducted by Chennai Liver Foundation, in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, India. This is the ...
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Objectives This study aims to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) in the population through field-screening camps conducted by Chennai Liver Foundation, in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, India. This is the largest population-based study from Tamil Nadu. Patients and methods A total of 75 camps were conducted across 14 districts of Tamil Nadu (2014–2017). Screening was done by rapid point-of-care assays (SD-bioline tests) and confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Monolisa tests). Those tested negative were offered first dose of HBV vaccine. Positive patients with HBV count of more than 2000?IU/ml or HCV-RNA positive on quantitative analysis were treated. Results A total of 18?589 people were screened, with HBV infection detected in 303 (prevalence 1.63%) and HCV infection in 56 (prevalence 0.3%), with significant variation among districts. Males contributed to about three-fourths of detected HBV [233/303 (77%)] or HCV [41/56 (73%)] infection. Screening detected a higher overall HBV/HCV infection rate in rural [203 (2.52%) infections in 8047 people] than in urban [156 (1.47%) infections in 10?542 people] areas ( P <0.0001). Slum areas had a HBV prevalence of 5%. In a dialysis unit, all patients were found to have either HBV/HCV infection. A total of 162/303 (54%) people with HBV and 27/56 (48%) with HCV infection were treated, and 7704 people received the first dose of HBV vaccine. Conclusion The prevalence of HBV was 1.63% and HCV was 0.30% in Tamil Nadu. Three-fourths of HBV/HCV infected people were males. Prevalence of HBV/HCV was higher in rural areas. Slum area and dialysis unit had high HBV and HCV prevalence.
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Background: Hepatitis is a disease of the liver caused by the infectious and non-infectious agents. Hepatitis B and C are major public health problems worldwide.Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis...
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Background: Hepatitis is a disease of the liver caused by the infectious and non-infectious agents. Hepatitis B and C are major public health problems worldwide.Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses among voluntary of healthy blood donors at Al-Thawra Hospital Sana"a City – Yemen, during February to April 2010.Methods: The data from Blood bank in Al-Thawra Hospital were collected and analyzed. All samples were tested by Enzymes Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) test.Results: Out of 3000 samples of the blood donors, 157 (5.23%) were positive. From overall positive samples, 63 (2.1%) were HBsAg positive, 90 (3.0%) were anti-HCV positive while 4 (0.13%) samples were positive for both HBs Ag and anti-HCV.Conclusion: Blood donors at Al-Thawra Hospital Sana"a have a lower prevalence for infection with HBV and HCV compared to other Arabic countries.
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Currently, the most important risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe is intravenous drug use. To establish a better insight into the epidemiology of hepatitis C among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in western ...
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Currently, the most important risk factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe is intravenous drug use. To establish a better insight into the epidemiology of hepatitis C among intravenous drug users (IVDUs) in western European countries a systematic review on the prevalence of hepatitis C markers and their determinants was performed. Reports were identified by searches on Medline and on the internet and by screening reference lists of selected papers. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV in western European IVDUs reported in the 66 studies selected for analysis, ranged between 37 and 98%. No relation was found between prevalence rates and mean age, mean duration of intravenous drug use, geographical area, setting of the study, method of recruitment or the year(s) of collection of samples. Eleven studies concerning the prevalence of HCV-RNA in hepatitis C-infected IVDUs were selected for analysis. Prevalence rates ranged from 26 to 86%. Based on five studies, a statistically significant positive linear relation was found between the mean age of study population and the prevalence of HCV-RNA. Our analysis revealed considerable variation in prevalence rates of hepatitis C markers among IVDUs in western Europe. We found no conclusive explanation for this variability. Further research investigating the dynamics of the hepatitis C epidemic in IVDUs is necessary.
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